A Report No One Wants to Read
Last week, before the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva, a 94-page report was presented that its author warned would be difficult to hear — and harder still to look away from. Justice S. Muralidhar, the Indian jurist who chairs the UN's Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, told the Council that the commission had documented "violations and crimes committed by Israel against Palestinian children" in the occupied territory from October 2023 through March 2026. Its central finding, condensed into a single line: "The essence of childhood has been destroyed."
The Numbers Behind the Finding
According to the commission, more than 20,000 Palestinian children have been killed since October 2023, and more than 44,000 injured. Thousands more remain missing or buried under rubble, and 97% of schools in Gaza have been destroyed or damaged beyond use, the report found. Crucially, the commission recorded child deaths continuing in the months after a ceasefire took hold in October 2025, undercutting any assumption that the killing was purely a function of active combat.
A Pattern, Not an Accident
The commission's most serious charge is not merely that children died in the course of war, but that many were deliberately targeted. Addressing the Council, Muralidhar said investigators had found "indisputable evidence regarding the deliberate targeted killing of Palestinian children," including after the October 2025 ceasefire — evidence, in his telling, of a recurring pattern rather than a series of isolated incidents. Many of these deaths, the commission noted, occurred near a shifting military boundary that came to be known as the Yellow Line.
One case cited illustrates the pattern. In November 2025, near Khan Younis, two brothers aged ten and nine were gathering firewood for their wheelchair-using father when an Israeli drone struck and killed them both. Israeli forces later said they had spotted two suspects crossing the Yellow Line and moving toward troops, and treated them as an immediate threat. The commission found the children were more than 300 metres from the soldiers' weapons at the time — a distance that makes it difficult to see how two young boys collecting firewood could plausibly have posed an immediate threat to armed soldiers.
Hind's Story
The case that drew the most global attention involves a five-and-a-half-year-old girl, Hind, trapped with her family in a car under gunfire. For hours she stayed on the phone with an emergency dispatcher, describing her injuries and the shooting around her, while an ambulance dispatched to reach her never arrived. Her body, and those of her family and the rescue crew sent for her, were found twelve days later.
The commission said it had "reasonable grounds" to believe both Hind's family and the rescue team sent to save her had been deliberately targeted — one of numerous documented cases, the report notes, of children shot while trying to reach safety, and of schools, hospitals and shelters coming under attack. Thousands of children lost limbs and have been left permanently disabled, the report found, and many survivors are living with psychological trauma likely to last a lifetime.
The Judge Behind the Findings
Muralidhar's involvement lends the report a particular weight in India, where he has a long record of rulings on communal and state violence. He was part of the bench that, decades after the fact, convicted Sajjan Kumar over the 1984 anti-Sikh pogrom; he helped reopen the Hashimpura massacre case, which led to convictions of policemen after years of impunity; and in February 2020, as a Delhi High Court judge, his bench questioned police inaction on hate speech during the Delhi riots — a stand that preceded his transfer out of the court.
Speaking to the Indian Express, Muralidhar framed the stakes of the Gaza findings in similarly unambiguous terms: "If we don't act on the evidence against Israel, we can't redeem ourselves." Closing his remarks to the Council, he cautioned that accountability now would not undo the damage already done to a generation of children: "Palestine children will not simply recover overnight."
Who Pays For It
The report's findings sit alongside separate research, cited in the same broadcast, from the Campaign Against Arms Trade, drawing on Israeli customs data reported by Al Jazeera. That analysis found that 51 countries supplied military goods to Israel between October 2023 and October 2025, with the United States the largest supplier and India the second-largest — a data point offered less as an accusation against any single government than as a prompt for viewers to weigh their own economic distance from the war.
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